Sismología para la industria minera
El Instituto de Sismología Minera (IMS) ofrece soluciones y servicios para la industria minera
El sistema sísmico de IMS está diseñado en torno a redes de comunicación digitales modernas y todas las tecnologías de comunicación utilizadas por el sistema IMS cumplen al 100% con los protocolos de red estándar. Esto permite una integración perfecta del sistema IMS con las redes de telecomunicaciones existentes.
Características principales del sistema sísmico de IMS
Ethernet para mayor flexibilidad
Waveforms over Ethernet (WoE)
xDSL (extensión de Ethernet)
Los módems DSL de IMS operan a velocidades de hasta 5,4 Mbps en distancias de hasta 7 km. Integran la señal de sincronización de tiempo requerida para la sincronización de los digitalizadores sin una vista de los satélites GPS (por ejemplo, en estaciones subterráneas) en los datos codificados por DSL. Esta es una ventaja significativa sobre las comunicaciones DSL estándar, ya que elimina la necesidad de un canal de comunicación separado para la sincronización de tiempo. Esto mantiene el número de pares de cobre y/o fibra en uno por enlace.
Protocolo de tiempo de precisión (PTP)
Los dispositivos PTP distribuidos en una red son capaces de sincronizar sus relojes con una precisión de sub-microsegundos, utilizando principalmente la infraestructura de red preexistente. Una red PTP opera con un gran maestro que proporciona información de actualización de tiempo a múltiples esclavos PTP.
TCP/IP TCP e IP
TCP proporciona una entrega fiable y ordenada de flujos de datos entre hosts. IP maneja el direccionamiento y el enrutamiento de datos a través de las redes. Juntos, TCP e IP proporcionan los servicios necesarios para entregar datos de forma fiable a través de redes complejas, ya sea una mina, una red de área amplia (WAN) o Internet.
TCP/IP. Es utilizado por el sistema IMS siempre que se requieren servicios de transferencia de datos fiables y ordenados (por ejemplo, la transferencia de eventos sísmicos de netSP al servidor sísmico [Synapse] o a la base de datos central).
Debe tenerse en cuenta que el aumento de la fiabilidad de TCP/IP tiene el costo de una mayor latencia, lo que limita su rendimiento en tiempo real. Por eso se prefiere WoE para transferir datos sísmicos a través de redes más pequeñas, fiables y rápidas.
Tecnología web
Improving seismic data quality and utilising the full potential of microseismic monitoring systems. The consulting tasks are listed below:
SEISMIC SYSTEM AUDIT
Verification of the performance of seismic sites is important for maintaining a fully operational microseismic system that is able to extract accurate information about seismic events. Recorded seismic data is used to evaluate performance in the following categories:
- Background Seismic Noise
- Site Response
- Orientation and Polarity
- Acceptance / Rejection Ratio
SEISMOLOGICAL SYSTEM CALIBRATION
Assessment and improvement of quality of seismic data, including noise rejection, blast discrimination, velocity calibration and calibration of seismic quality factors. System calibration ensures the highest possible quality data. It includes the following aspects:
- Velocity Calibration
- Blast Discrimination
- Noise Rejection
- Calibration of Seismic Quality Factors
SHORT-TERM ACTIVITY TRACKER
Calibration of Short – Term Activity Tracker (STAT)
STAT is a special tool in Ticker3D that monitors the current activity rate, and quantifies the probability that activity is higher than a reference rate. The utility of STAT is based on the principle that if the rate of seismic activity increases, so does the probability that one of these events may be larger and damaging. Once calibrated, STAT can be monitored in real time, and automatically notifies if the activity rate increases.
INTERMEDIATE AND LONG – TERM HAZARD
Assessment of Intermediate- and Long – Term Seismic Hazard
Intermediate- and long-term hazard assessments quantify the probability that a potentially damaging seismic event will occur in a given volume within a given interval of time in the future (on the order of months to years). The method of assessment includes the following steps:
- The quality and consistency of seismic data is checked, and the largest events are manually reprocessed
- A seismogenic volume is selected
- The expected value and upper limit of the next record-breaking event is evaluated
- The probabilities of occurrence of events is calculated
The assessments should be re-evaluated routinely (annually or bi-annually) or when the largest event record is broken.
GMPE CALIBRATION
Development of Ground Motion Prediction Equation (GMPE)
Ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) are specially calibrated equations that relate the ground motion to the size of an event (in terms of seismic potency or radiated seismic energy) and the distance from the event. The estimation of ground motion can be done in terms of peak ground velocity/peak particle velocity (PGV/PPV) or cumulative absolute displacement (CAD). GMPEs are used to perform ground-motion hazard assessments, identify areas that potentially experienced damage during a large event, and estimate inelastic deformation associated with seismic events.
GROUND MOTION HAZARD FOR FUTURE MINING
Assessment of Seismic and Ground Motion Hazard for Future Mining Scenarios
The assessment is based on the modelling of seismicity expected for the planned mining steps. The Salamon-Linkov method is used for this. The modelling needs to be calibrated for historical mining steps using the observed seismicity.
Combining observed and expected seismicity allows for the estimation of future seismic hazard and ground motion hazard. This requires the estimate of the next record-breaking event and calibrated ground motion prediction equation. The results can be presented in terms of likelihoods of events according to the risk assessment matrix adopted at the mine.
This method is most useful when comparing the seismic or ground motion hazard for different mining scenarios (e.g. ranking different stoping sequences).
INSTANT LARGE EVENT ANALYSIS
Rapid Large Event Analysis
Within hours of a large or damaging event, analysis by an experienced seismologist will confirm location, location uncertainty, source parameters and results of moment tensor inversion.
ADVANCED LARGE EVENT ANALYSIS
Advanced Analysis of Large or Damaging Seismic Event
Advanced analysis of large or damaging events can provide insight into the mechanics of their sources and help to explain the damage. The analysis can include:
- Confirmation of location and location uncertainty
- Source mechanism inversion and testing of potential sources
- Analysis of fore- and aftershocks
- Inversion of slip distribution
- Assessment of dynamic loading to excavations
ENSURE DATA AVAILABILITY
At IMS we understand the importance of your seismic data, and that it needs to be available when you need it. A seismic system is only useful if processed data is available for analysis. Seismic data can only be recorded and processed if all components in the system function as intended. We can help you to reach the goal of 100% uptime.MONITOR CRITICAL SYSTEMS
We keep close watch of the seismic system vitals every second of every day. No exceptionsNOTIFICATION
Subscribe to automated SMS, email or voice-call messages alerting to degraded system health or data-transfer issues.SMOOTH RUNNING SYSTEM
To ensure the seismic system continues to function as intended day in and day out, IMS support personnel will carry out daily remote administration and preventative maintenance tasks on your seismic server and related computer systems.TECHNICAL SUPPORT LEVERAGE
Customers who subscribe to comprehensive maintenance will enjoy the benefit of an IMS systems engineer being on call to look into problems as they arise.KEEP TRACK
Receive system health reports daily.
Providing a variety of technical services to support IMS seismic system installations throughout its operational lifespan.
SYSTEM INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING
Useful seismic data starts with the correct installation and configuration of system components. Our team of engineers are ready to assist on-site with installing and configuring seismic system components, for both new systems and where existing systems are expanded. IMS will supervise the installation of the equipment at all sensor sites, install the software and test and commission the equipment.
SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
Routine Maintenance, Ad-Hoc Maintenance, Emergency Call-Out
The Institute of Mine Seismology has a number of maintenance and support options available to its customers. Such support consists of remedying any faults in hardware, or replacing and repairing faulty hardware. It also includes such Software Support as is necessary to restore the system to the point at which it is fully functional. Our team of engineers are ready to assist on-site to maintain the seismic system components to ensure best possible system availability.
TECHNICAL SYSTEM AUDITS
Over time, harsh industrial environments and activities can affect even the best installation. Our team of engineers are ready to assist with reviewing the technical aspects of the seismic-monitoring system installation. A review is conducted and recommendations are made regarding improvements and best practices. The technical-system audit includes physically visiting seismometer stations and sensors to assess the quality of the installation. The seismic server and auxiliary communication devices are included in the evaluation.
The output of each audit is a comprehensive report outlining the details of the seismic system installation and system performance, with specific focus on reliability and optimisation.
A typical 30-station system can be audited in five days. IMS recommends annual audits to ensure that the seismic-system installation remains at a high standard.
Ready to assist 24/7
IMS has a team of trained technical support engineers, who are ready 24/7 to assist via email, telephone or remote login. The team specialises in guiding customers to isolate faults on the IMS system installation.